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Lesson 8 — Chord Families

Every major key has a specific set of chords that "belong" to it. Knowing the chord family of a key lets you play in that key, write songs in it, and improvise without hitting wrong chords.

What is a Chord Family?

A chord family (or chord progression) is the group of 7 chords built from each note of a major scale. The pattern is always the same:

  • 1st chord (I) — Major
  • 2nd chord (ii) — minor
  • 3rd chord (iii) — minor
  • 4th chord (IV) — Major
  • 5th chord (V) — Major
  • 6th chord (vi) — minor
  • 7th chord (vii) — diminished (written "dim" or "°")

This pattern — Major, minor, minor, Major, Major, minor, diminished — is the same for every major key. Only the chord names change.

Chord Families by Key

Below is every major key with the 7 chords that belong to it. Use this as a reference when learning new songs or writing your own.

KeyIiiiiiIVVvivii°
C MajorCDmEmFGAmBdim
D MajorDEmF#mGABmC#dim
E MajorEF#mG#mABC#mD#dim
F MajorFGmAmA#CDmEdim
G MajorGAmBmCDEmF#dim
A MajorABmC#mDEF#mG#dim
B MajorBC#mD#mEF#G#mA#dim
C# MajorC#D#mFmF#G#A#mCdim
D# MajorD#FmGmG#A#CmDdim
F# MajorF#G#mA#mBC#D#mFdim
G# MajorG#A#mCmC#D#FmGdim
A# MajorA#CmDmD#FGmAdim

How to Use Chord Families

  • Identify a song's key by looking at which chords it uses. If a song uses C, F, G, Am — it's in C Major.
  • Improvise solos using the matching major scale. C Major songs → use the C Major scale.
  • Write songs by picking any 3–4 chords from one family. The most common pop progression is I – V – vi – IV (in C Major: C – G – Am – F).
  • Transpose songs to a different key by swapping each chord with the same position in the new key's family.